固體增塑劑

固(gu)(gu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)塑(su)(su)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是相對(dui)(dui)液(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)塑(su)(su)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)提出的(de)(de)概念(nian)，是一種輔助增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)塑(su)(su)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，通常(chang)與主(zhu)(zhu)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)塑(su)(su)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)并用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，主(zhu)(zhu)要作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)是促進高(gao)分(fen)子(zi)材料塑(su)(su)化(hua)(hua)，并抑(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)塑(su)(su)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)析(xi)(xi)出。</P><P> 產(chan)生背(bei)景</P><P> 長期(qi)以來(lai)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)塑(su)(su)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)主(zhu)(zhu)要以鄰(lin)苯(ben)類產(chan)品(pin)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)，但隨(sui)著(zhu)DOP在食品(pin)、醫藥(yao)工(gong)業上(shang)的(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)廣泛，人們(men)發現增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)塑(su)(su)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)存在析(xi)(xi)出風(feng)險(xian)，尤其(qi)在PVC軟(ruan)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)中(zhong)的(de)(de)電線、電纜領(ling)域，傳(chuan)統液(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)塑(su)(su)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)均有(you)析(xi)(xi)出的(de)(de)趨勢 [1-2] ，這(zhe)對(dui)(dui)材料使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)不(bu)良(liang)影響，如PVC電纜的(de)(de)力學性(xing)能、電性(xing)能等。由(you)此，需(xu)要減少液(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)塑(su)(su)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量以降低其(qi)析(xi)(xi)出風(feng)險(xian) [3] 。然而(er)(er)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)塑(su)(su)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量減少勢必(bi)會帶來(lai)其(qi)他(ta)方(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)問題(ti)，如材料軟(ruan)硬(ying)度(du)(du)，低溫性(xing)能，拉伸強度(du)(du)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)斷(duan)裂伸長率等，由(you)此固(gu)(gu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)塑(su)(su)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)應運而(er)(er)生。</P><P> 作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)原理(li)</P><P> 固(gu)(gu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)塑(su)(su)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)需(xu)具(ju)備(bei)特定(ding)的(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)學組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)，且要有(you)特定(ding)的(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)學結構，如特定(ding)的(de)(de)孔隙結構。由(you)此，固(gu)(gu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)塑(su)(su)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)對(dui)(dui)DOP等小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)分(fen)子(zi)化(hua)(hua)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)塑(su)(su)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)有(you)吸(xi)附性(xing)能 [4] ，從而(er)(er)對(dui)(dui)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)分(fen)子(zi)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)塑(su)(su)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)起到“固(gu)(gu)定(ding)”作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，防止小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)分(fen)子(zi)化(hua)(hua)合物(wu)遷移析(xi)(xi)出。此外，固(gu)(gu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)塑(su)(su)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)需(xu)同PVC分(fen)子(zi)具(ju)有(you)優異的(de)(de)相容性(xing)，這(zhe)樣(yang)兩者才具(ju)有(you)良(liang)好的(de)(de)相互(hu)纏(chan)結作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，使其(qi)在PVC制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)中(zhong)具(ju)有(you)良(liang)好的(de)(de)分(fen)散性(xing)能。</P><P> 應用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)領(ling)域</P><P> 固(gu)(gu)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)塑(su)(su)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)主(zhu)(zhu)要應用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)在PVC軟(ruan)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)及PVC半硬(ying)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)中(zhong)，通常(chang)與液(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)塑(su)(su)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)并用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，在標準配方(fang)中(zhong)加入1-3份(fen)的(de)(de)固(gu)(gu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)塑(su)(su)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)可(ke)明(ming)顯改(gai)善(shan)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)塑(su)(su)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)在PVC制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)的(de)(de)析(xi)(xi)出問題(ti)。

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